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 Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 3 2. Important! – Backup Before Installation ................................................................... 4 3. Installing Your New Software...................................................................................... 8 Installing the Main and Sub Programs .................................................................... 8 4. The New Features........................................................................................................ 9 New Split Points ...................................................................................................... 9 New Fingerings ..................................................................................................... 10 Stop Accompaniment............................................................................................ 14 Song Chain ........................................................................................................... 14 Next Song Reservation ......................................................................................... 15 HD Sleep Time Control ......................................................................................... 15 Panel Sustain Rate Control................................................................................... 16 Sustain Mode (new for the PSR-9000) ................................................................. 17 Improved Music Database Display........................................................................ 17 Improved Mixing Console Voice Display ............................................................... 18 Improved Mixing Console Effect Type Display ...................................................... 18 Disk Direct Style Registration ............................................................................... 19 Style Creator & Disk Direct Styles ........................................................................ 20 Style Manager & Preset Styles ............................................................................. 21 5. Power Tips.................................................................................................................. 22 2-note Chords ....................................................................................................... 22 Maintaining Effects When Multitrack Recording.................................................... 22 Single-part Activation............................................................................................ 23 SMF Song Name Converter.................................................................................. 23 Parameter Lock – Reverb Type ............................................................................. 24 Reverb Effect Return Level and Parameter Lock .................................................. 24 Selecting an XG Voice .......................................................................................... 25 Selecting a Voice/Style/Song/Reg.Memory via PC Keyboard............................... 25 Program Change Display ...................................................................................... 25 Song Chord Detection .......................................................................................... 26 Instant Access to Any Function Menu................................................................... 26 Revoice ................................................................................................................. 28 Tap Tempo Sound ................................................................................................. 28 Reducing Mic Sibilance ........................................................................................ 28 Mic Compressor.................................................................................................... 29 Vocal Harmony Mode............................................................................................ 29 Talk Button ............................................................................................................ 30 Password .............................................................................................................. 30 Simultaneous Parameter Change ......................................................................... 31 Keyboard Transpose and Song Transpose............................................................ 31 Using Multi Pads to Change Scale Tuning ............................................................ 32 Song File Directory ............................................................................................... 32 Song Selection via Registration Memory.............................................................. 32 Touch Limit for Harmony/Echo.............................................................................. 33 Sub Line Out......................................................................................................... 33 Register Bank View............................................................................................... 34 Auto Exit Time....................................................................................................... 34 MIDI Templates ..................................................................................................... 35 Using the MFC10 with the 9000 ........................................................................... 35 2  1. Introduction Although the PSR-9000 and 9000Pro are two of the most powerful music workstations available, this software update adds even more features and power. Before we move on to the installation procedure, make sure that the following floppy disks have been prepared. If you do not have them yet, download the necessary files from the Yamaha PK Club web site (http://www.yamahaPKclub.com/). PSR-9000 9000Pro Disk Name MAIN PROGRAM 1 MAIN PROGRAM 2 MAIN PROGRAM 3 MAIN PROGRAM 4 SUB PROGRAM File Name p9000m.001 p9000m.002 p9000m.003 p9000m.004 p9000s.bin Disk Name MAIN PROGRAM 1 MAIN PROGRAM 2 MAIN PROGRAM 3 MAIN PROGRAM 4 MAIN PROGRAM 5 SUB PROGRAM File Name p9000pm.001 p9000pm.002 p9000pm.003 p9000pm.004 p9000pm.005 p9000ps.bin About the Example Displays In This Manual ............ Although the PSR-9000 and 9000Pro allow you to select displays in a number of languages, the example displays shown in this manual are all in English. The illustrations and displays as shown in this owner’s manual are for instructional purposes only, and may be different from your instrument. Page References .................................................. In many cases this manual will refer you to specific pages in the PSR-9000 or 9000Pro Owner’s Manual. Such references will be indicated as follows: page xx page xx • If you’re not thoroughly familiar with the handling and use of floppy disks, please refer to the precautions on page 5 of the PSR-9000 or 9000Pro Owner’s Manual. 3  2. Important! – Backup Before Installation If you have made any changes to the Flash Style, OTS, or Music Database contents that you want to keep, we recommend that you back up your data to floppy disk before installing the new software. You’ll need one or two blank floppy disks for this! Also, the new operating system allots 30 kilobytes more Custom Voice memory than preceding operating system software. We recommend that you back up the Custom Voice data if you’re upgrading from a previous operating, but in the case that you want to re-install a previous operating system after upgrading, you will definitely need to use the Save To Disk function to save any Custom Voice data you want to keep to disk (the amount of Custom Voice memory will be reduced and thus the Custom Voice memory will be initialized). page 129 page 153 If you haven’t made any changes to the settings listed above, or don’t want to keep any changes you’ve made, you can skip straight ahead to “Installing Your New Software” on page 8. Backing Up Your Data............................................ There are several ways to back up your data, depending on the types of changes you have made and the data you want to keep. Look over the options presented below and choose the one that best suits your backup requirements. All Data This method will let you back up any combination of Setup, Style, OTS, Music Database, Registration, and Multi Pad data. This backup option uses the Disk/SCSI Backup function. page 130 page 154 1. Press the [DISK/SCSI] button. MENU DISK/ SCSI 2. 3. Press the LCD [D] button (BACKUP/RESTORE). Press the LCD [A] button (BACKUP). 2. 4 3. A A B B C C D D E E FUNCTION MIDI  2. Important! – Backup Before Installation 4. 5. Use the LCD [2] ~ [7] buttons to select the types of data you want to back up. Press the [NEXT] button and, when applicable, use the LCD [1]/[2] buttons to select the disk you want to back up to (if you’re backing up to floppies a blank floppy disk which is not write protected must be present in the floppy disk drive). If you choose to back up to hard disk, you may also need to select the directory to which the data will be saved. 4. 5. PAGE CONTROL BACK 1 6. 7. 2 3 4 5 6 7 NEXT 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Press the [NEXT] button and enter an appropriate name for your backup file. Press the [NEXT] button and then the LCD [G] button (OK) to save the selected data to the specified disk. 6. 7. F G H I PAGE CONTROL PAGE CONTROL J BACK NEXT BACK NEXT After installing the new software you can use the Restore function to reload the saved data. page 130 page 154 Individual Flash Styles If you only have a few Flash Styles you need to back up, the “All Data” method described above might not be what you need. Here’s how you can backup individual Flash Styles, or a group of Flash Styles as required. This backup option uses the Save Style From Flash ROM function. page 63 page 75 5  2. Important! – Backup Before Installation 1. Press any FLASH STYLE button. 2. 3. Press the LCD [7] or [8] button to go to the STYLE MANAGER. Press the LCD [B] button to select the SAVE STYLE FROM FLASH ROM function. 2. 3. A B C D E 1 4. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Use the LCD [3]/[4] buttons to select the Flash Style category containing the styles you want to back up. 5. A F B G C H D I E J 1 2 3 4 4. 6 5 6 7 6. 8 5. 5. Use the LCD [C] button to choose whether you want to back up a single style (SINGLE), a group of adjacent styles in the style list (MULTI), or all styles in the selected category (ALL). If you selected “SINGLE” use the LCD [5]/[6] buttons to select the style you want to back up. If you selected “MULTI” use the LCD [5]/[6] buttons to expand the highlighted region in the STYLE list to include all the styles you want to back up. If you selected “ALL” all styles in the list will automatically be highlighted. 6. Use the LCD [H] button to choose whether you want to save the selected styles with or without OTS data.  2. Important! – Backup Before Installation 7. Press the [NEXT] button and, when applicable, use the LCD [1]/[2] buttons to select the disk you want to back up to (if you’re backing up to floppies a blank floppy disk which is not write protected must be present in the floppy disk drive). If you choose to back up to hard disk, you may also need to select the directory to which the data will be saved. PAGE CONTROL BACK NEXT 1 8. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Press the [NEXT] button and then the LCD [G] button (YES) to save the selected data to the specified disk F G H I PAGE CONTROL J BACK NEXT After installing the new software you can use the Load Style Into Flash ROM function to reload the saved data. page 62 page 74 Using the Registration Memory To Save Music Database Settings Although all Music Database data can be saved by using the “All Data” method described above, individual Music Database settings cannot be saved to disk. A convenient way to backup Music Database settings is to save them to the Registration Memory. page 28 page 28 7  3. Installing Your New Software Once you’ve backed up any personal data you want to keep, as described in the preceding section, you can go ahead and install the new operating system. Installing the Main and Sub Programs • Don’t turn off the power during the software installation process! Also, don’t eject any of the program disks while they are loading! Doing so can result in incomplete and/or corrupted data, requiring complete system re-installation. POWER ON OFF 1. 2. Turn the 9000 power ON while holding the [START/ STOP] button. The PROGRAM INSTALLER page will appear. Press the LCD [B] button to begin the MAIN PROGRAM load procedure. START/STOP A 2. B 5. C D E 3. Insert the MAIN PROGRAM 1 disk and press the [START/ STOP] button. Wait until the first disk is loaded, then follow the instructions on the LCD and insert/load the remaining MAIN PROGRAM disks in the same way (always be sure to insert the disk specified by the instructions on the LCD). 4. When the main program has been fully loaded “Completed” will appear on the LCD. Press the [EXIT] button to return to the PROGRAM INSTALLER menu. Press the LCD [C] button to begin the SUB PROGRAM load procedure. Insert the SUB PROGRAM disk and press the [START/STOP] button, then wait for the SUB PROGRAM is fully loaded. When “Completed” appears on the LCD, press the [EXIT] button twice. The 9000 will restart with the new operating system. 5. 6. 7. • The display may flicker a little when the 9000 is restarted under the new operating system — this is normal. 8  4. The New Features New Split Points ................................................... Previous versions of the operating system allowed one split point to be specified to separate the auto-accompaniment/left-hand section and the right-hand section of the keyboard. The new operating system allows three split points: ● ACMP SPLIT POINT Separates the auto-accompaniment section of the keyboard from the left- and right-hand sections. ● LEFT SPLIT POINT Separates the left- and right-hand sections of the keyboard. ● RIGHT 3 SPLIT POINT Allows a separate split point to be specified for the R3 voice. This means that you could, for example, assign only the top octave of the keyboard to a percussion or sound-effect voice. Access: [FUNCTION] ➔ SPLIT POINT/FINGERING You can set the split points by pressing the desired key while holding the corresponding LCD button. Use the appropriate LCD buttons to set the split points as required, or use the DIRECT SETTING functions to directly specify the corresponding split point via the keyboard. • The “A” (ACMP) split point cannot be set higher than the “L” (LEFT) or “R” (RIGHT 3) split point, and vice versa. In the same way the “R” split point cannot be set lower than the “L” or “A” split point. • When the “L” and “A” split points are set at different keys, the LEFT voice can be played between the “L” and “A” split points when the Auto Accompaniment function is on. When the “L” and “A” split points are set to the same key, the LEFT voice can be played anywhere to the left of the “L” and “A” split points. 9  4. The New Features New Fingerings .................................................... New fingerings have been added for even greater auto-accompaniment versatility. The available fingering modes are listed below. ● Single Finger Same as in previous versions. ● Multi Finger Same as in previous versions. ● On Bass Pro The lowest note played becomes the bass note. All other fingerings are the same as in the Fingered Pro mode. ● Fingered This is the most standard fingering mode including two-note fingerings as shown in the fingering chart on pages 11 and 12. ● On Bass Pro Advanced The lowest note played becomes the bass note. All other fingerings are the same as in the Fingered Pro Advanced mode. ● Fingered Advanced This mode is ideal for jazz-type chord voicings which omit the root and/or 5th. The Fingered Advanced mode also allows two-note fingerings. See the fingering chart on pages 12 and 13 for details. ● Full Keyboard Fingerings are the same as in the Fingered Advanced mode, but chord detection occurs over the entire keyboard. Arpeggios are not supported in this mode. ● Fingered Pro Chords are only detected (changed) when three or more notes are played. This makes it possible to play one- or two-note lines (e.g. obbligato or riff melody) with the left part without causing a chord change. ● Fingered Pro Advanced This is a “pro” version of the Fingered Advanced mode — i.e. chords are only detected when three or more notes are played. ● On Bass The lowest note played becomes the bass note. All other fingerings are the same as in the Fingered mode. ● AI Full Keyboard (9000Pro Only) This Full Keyboard mode is suitable for the piano performance with the both hands (e.g. arpeggios and melody). Chords can be presumed even one or two notes are played. There is a limit to the types of chords that can be detected. See the fingering chart of the Fingered Advanced mode on page 13. • This fingering mode may not be suitable for some performance. ● On Bass Advanced The lowest note played becomes the bass note. All other fingerings are the same as in the Fingered Advanced mode. • Notes in parentheses can be omitted. • If you play any three adjacent keys (including black keys), the chord sound will be canceled and only the rhythm instruments will continue playing (Chord Cancel function). • The chord fingerings listed are all in “root” position, but other inversions can be used – with the exceptions described on Note column. • The auto accompaniment will sometimes not change when related chords are played in sequence (e.g. some minor chords followed by the minorseventh). • Two-note fingerings will produce a chord based on the previously played chord. 10  4. The New Features ■ Chord Types Recognized in the Fingered Mode ● Example for “C” chords Caug CM 7 aug Cm 7 (9) Cm 7 (11) CmM 7 CmM 7 (9) ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ( or ) Csus 4 CM7 (#11) ( CM7 b5 CM 7 (9) or ) C (b5) CM 7 ( C6 ) C (9) ( C 6 (9) C Cm (9) Cm 6 Cm 7 b5 CmM 7 b5 Cdim Cdim 7 C 7 (9) C 7 (#11) Cm 7 C 7 aug ) C 7 sus4 ) ) ( ) ( ( ) ( or C 7 (#9) C 7 (13) or ( ) ) C 7 (b13) ( ) ( ( C 7 b5 ( ) ( C 7 (b9) or ) C7 ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ( ) ) Cm C 1+2+5 Chord Name [Abbreviation] Major [M] Add ninth [(9)] Sixth [6] Sixth ninth [6(9)] Display for root “C” C C(9) C6 C6(9) Major seventh ninth [M7(9)] CM7(9) Major seventh add sharp eleventh [M7(#11)] CM7#11 Flatted fifth [(b5)] Major seventh flatted fifth [M7b5] Suspended fourth [sus4] Augmented [aug] Major seventh augmented [M7aug] Minor [m] Minor add ninth [m(9)] Minor sixth [m6] Minor seventh [m7] Minor seventh ninth [m7(9)] Minor seventh eleventh [m7(11)] Minor major seventh [mM7] Minor major seventh ninth [mM7(9)] Minor seventh flatted fifth [m7b5] Minor major seventh flatted fifth [mM7b5] Diminished [dim] Diminished seventh [dim7] C(b5) CM7b5 Csus4 Caug CM7aug Cm Cm(9) Cm6 Cm7 Cm7(9) Cm7_11 CmM7 CmM7_9 Cm7b5 CmM7b5 Cdim Cdim7 Seventh [7] C7 Seventh flatted ninth [7(b9)] Seventh add flatted thirteenth [7(b13)] Seventh ninth [7(9)] C7(b9) C7b13 C7(9) Seventh add sharp eleventh [7(#11)] C7#11 Seventh add thirteenth [7(13)] Seventh sharp ninth [7(#9)] C7(13) C7(#9) Normal Voicing 1-3-5 1-2-3-5 1 - (3) - 5 - 6 1 - 2 - 3 - (5) - 6 1 - 3 - (5) - 7 1 - (3) - 5 - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - (5) - 7 1 - (2) - 3 - #4 - 5 - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - (5) - 7 1 - 3 - b5 1 - 3 - b5 - 7 1-4-5 1 - 3 - #5 1 - (3) - #5 - 7 1 - b3 - 5 1 - 2 - b3 - 5 1 - b3 - 5 - 6 1 - b3 - (5) - b7 1 - 2 - b3 - (5) - b7 1 - (2) - b3 - 4 - 5 - (b7) 1 - b3 - (5) - 7 1 - 2 - b3 - (5) - 7 1 - b3 - b5 - b7 1 - b3 - b5 - 7 1 - b3 - b5 1 - b3 - b5 - 6 1 - 3 - (5) - b7 1 - (3) - 5 - b7 1 - b2 - 3 - (5) - b7 1 - 3 - 5 - b6 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - (5) - b7 1 - (2) - 3 - #4 - 5 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - (5) - b7 1 - 3 - (5) - 6 - b7 1 - #2 - 3 - (5) - b7 Major seventh [M7] CM7 Note Seventh flatted fifth [7b5] C7b5 1 - 3 - b5 - b7 The lowest note can be the root note or b7th note. Seventh augmented [7aug] C7aug Seventh suspended fourth [7sus4] C7sus4 One plus two plus five [1+2+5] C1+2+5 1 - 3 - #5 - b7 1 - 4 - 5 - b7 1 - 4 - b7 1-2-5 Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Except 1st inversion Except 1st inversion Except 1st inversion Root position only 11  4. The New Features ■ Two-note Fingerings Recognized in the Fingered and Fingered Advanced Mode ● Example for “C” chords C C (b5) Caug CM 7 CmM 7 Cm 7 Cm 7 b5 C7 C 7 b5 C/E CmM 7 /B Cdim /Eb Cm /Eb Cdim C/G C 7 /Bb Cm/G Cm 7 /Bb C (b5) Cdim C 7 b5 /G Cm 7 b5 /Bb C 7 b5 /Bb C 1+8 ( ) C 1+5 CM 7 /B Cm Chord Name [Abbreviation] Major [M] Flatted fifth [(b5)] Augmented [aug] Major seventh [M7] Minor major seventh [mM7] Minor [m] Diminished [dim] Flatted fifth [(b5)] Diminished [dim] Minor seventh [m7] Minor seventh flatted fifth [m7b5] Seventh [7] Seventh flatted fifth [7b5] Major on 3rd [M/3rd] Major on 5th [M/5th] Minor on 5th [m/5th] Seventh flatted fifth on 5th [7b5/5th] Minor seventh flatted fifth on 5th [m7b5/5th] Minor major seventh on 7th [mM7/7th] Major seventh on 7th [M7/7th] Diminished on b3rd [dim/b3rd] Minor on b3rd [m/b3rd] Major on b7th [M/b7th] Minor seventh on b7th [m7/b7th] Minor seventh flatted fifth on b7th [m7b5/b7th] Seventh flatted fifth on b7th [7b5/b7th] Perfect Fifth [1+5] Single [1+8] Display for root "C" C C(b5) Caug CM7 CmM7 Cm Cdim C(b5) Cdim Cm7 Cm7b5 C7 C7b5 C/E C/G Cm/G C7b5/G Cm7b5/G CmM7/B CM7/B Cdim/Eb Cm/Eb C7/Bb Cm7/Bb Cm7b5/Bb C7b5/Bb C1+5 C1+8 Normal Voicing 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-7 1-7 1 - b3 1 - b3 1 - b5 1 - b5 1 - b7 1 - b7 1 - b7 1 - b7 3-8 5-8 5-8 5-8 5-8 7-8 7-8 b3 - 8 b3 - 8 b7 - 8 b7 - 8 b7 - 8 b7 - 8 1-5 1 - (8) Note Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only Root position only No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions No inversions • The chords produced by the above fingerings will depend on the previous chord, with the exception of Major on 3rd, Perfect Fifth, and Single fingerings. (Example: 5-8 played after a Cm chord produced Cm/G, but played after a C chord 5-8 produced C/G). 12 Cm 7 b5 /G  4. The New Features ■ Chord Types Recognized in the Fingered Advanced Mode ● Example for “C” chords ) ( ) ( ( Cdim Cdim 7 ( ( Cm 7 (9) Cm 7 ) ) CmM 7 b5 ) Cm 7 b5 Cm 6 ( CmM 7 (9) Cm (9) or or ) ( C 7 b5 ) C 7 (#9) ( ) ) ( ) ( C 1+8 ( ) C 1+5 or ) C 1+2+5 C 7 (13) or ( C 7 sus4 ( C 7 aug C 7 (#11) or ) C 7 (9) ( C 7 (b13) ) C 7 (b9) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ( ) C7 or ) CmM 7 Cm ( Cm 7 (11) ) CM 7 aug C (b5) or ( Caug CM7 (#11) ) Csus 4 CM 7 (9) CM 7 ( CM7 b5 or ) C6 ) C (9) ( C 6 (9) C Chord Name [Abbreviation] Display for root “C” Normal Voicing Major [M] Add ninth [(9)] Sixth [6] C C(9) C6 Sixth ninth [6(9)] C6(9) Major seventh [M7] Major seventh ninth [M7(9)] CM7 CM7(9) Major seventh add sharp eleventh [M7(#11)] CM7#11 Flatted fifth [(b5)] Major seventh flatted fifth [M7b5] Suspended fourth [sus4] Augmented [aug] Major seventh augmented [M7aug] Minor [m] Minor add ninth [m(9)] Minor sixth [m6] Minor seventh [m7] C(b5) CM7b5 Csus4 Caug CM7aug Cm Cm(9) Cm6 Cm7 1-3-5 1-2-3-5 1 - (3) - 5 - 6 1 - 2 - 3 - (5) - 6 3-6-9 1 - 3 - (5) - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - (5) - 7 1 - (2) - 3 - #4 - 5 - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - (5) - 7 1 - 3 - b5 1 - 3 - b5 - 7 1-4-5 1 - 3 - #5 1 - (3) - #5 - 7 1 - b3 - 5 1 - 2 - b3 - 5 1 - b3 - (5) - 6 1 - b3 - (5) - b7 1 - 2 - b3 - (5) - b7 b3 - b7 - 9 1 - (2) - b3 - 4 - 5 - (b7) 1 - b3 - (5) - 7 1 - 2 - b3 - (5) - 7 1 - b3 - b5 - b7 1 - b3 - b5 - 7 1 - b3 - b5 1 - b3 - b5 - 6 1 - 3 - (5) - b7 1 - (3) - 5 - b7 b7 - 10 - 12 1 - b2 - 3 - (5) - b7 1 - 3 - 5 - b6 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - (5) - b7 3 - b7 - 9 1 - (2) - 3 - #4 - 5 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - (5) - b7 1 - 3 - (5) - 6 - b7 3 - 6 - b7 1 - #2 - 3 - (5) - b7 Minor seventh ninth [m7(9)] Cm7(9) Minor seventh eleventh [m7(11)] Minor major seventh [mM7] Minor major seventh ninth [mM7(9)] Minor seventh flatted fifth [m7b5] Minor major seventh flatted fifth [mM7b5] Diminished [dim] Diminished seventh [dim7] Cm7_11 CmM7 CmM7_9 Cm7b5 CmM7b5 Cdim Cdim7 Seventh [7] C7 Seventh flatted ninth [7(b9)] Seventh add flatted thirteenth [7(b13)] C7(b9) C7b13 Seventh ninth [7(9)] C7(9) Seventh add sharp eleventh [7(#11)] C7#11 Seventh add thirteenth [7(13)] C7(13) Seventh sharp ninth [7(#9)] C7(#9) Note Root position only Root position only No inversions Except 2nd inversion Root position only Root position only Root position only Except 1st inversion No inversions Except 1st inversion Except 1st inversion Root position only Root position only No inversions No inversions The lowest note can be the C7b5 1 - 3 - b5 - b7 root note or b7th note. Seventh augmented [7aug] C7aug 1 - 3 - #5 - b7 Seventh suspended fourth [7sus4] C7sus4 1 - 4 - 5 - b7 One plus two plus five [1+2+5] C1+2+5 1-2-5 Root position only Perfect Fifth [1+5] C1+5 1-5 No inversions Single [1+8] C1+8 1 - (8) *1 Notes in parentheses cannot be omitted. *2 All inversions can be detected. *3 The 5th note can be omitted. Seventh flatted fifth [7b5] Full Keyboard ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ AI Full Keyboard ✓ – ✓*1 – – ✓*1 – – – ✓*2 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓*1 ✓ – ✓*1 ✓*1 – – – ✓*1 – ✓ ✓ ✓*2 ✓ ✓*1 ✓*1 – – – – – – – – – – ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ – – ✓ ✓*3 – ✓ ✓ • AI Full Keyboard can detect some exceptional chords consisting of only the notes played on the keyboard. (Example: If C and E are pressed, the style consisting of only C and E will be played. 13  4. The New Features Stop Accompaniment ............................................ This new function allows auto accompaniment to be used even when accompaniment playback is stopped. When a chord is played in the auto-accompaniment section of the keyboard the currently selected pad and bass parts will sound. This can be particularly handy for free-tempo (rubato) passages, or simply to practice at your own pace. Access: [FUNCTION] ➔ SPLIT POINT/FINGERING ➔ [NEXT] Turn STOP ACCOMPANIMENT ON or OFF. • This function will be disabled when the fingering mode is set to Full Keyboard or AI Full Keyboard, even when Stop Accompaniment is turned ON. Song Chain ........................................................... The SONG CHAIN function lets you set up a sequence of songs which will play back automatically – ideal for background music. Access: [SONG SETUP] ➔ SONG CHAIN The MODE parameter offers a choice of SINGLE to play only the selected song file directory, ALL to play all marked song file directories, and RANDOM to play the marked song file directories in random sequence. When the REPEAT parameter is OFF the song chain will play through once and then stop. When ON the chain will repeat until playback is stopped manually. Select a category. Mark (include) or un-mark (exclude) the category. • When ALL or RANDOM is selected the directory containing the currently selected song file will be played back at first, even if it is not marked. Then the marked directories will follow. 14  4. The New Features Next Song Reservation.......................................... This function makes it possible to specify the next song to be played while the current song is still playing, so that the next song begins as soon as the current song finishes. Access: SONG FILE DIRECTORY [I] ~ [V] Current song. Reserved for playback next. Cancel the next song. While the current song is playing press the appropriate LCD button to select the next song once. A thick border will appear around the selected song title, indicating that it is reserved for playback next. If you press the song-select button a second time playback of the new song will begin immediately. HD Sleep Time Control ........................................... In previous versions the internal hard disk (when installed) would always go into “sleep” mode after a preset time, both to maximize the lifetime of the hard disk and to minimize unnecessary mechanical noise. The few seconds it took for the hard disk to “wake up” from the sleep mode, could, however, be a problem in some situations. In the new version you can set the hard disk sleep time from anywhere between 30 seconds and 1 hour, or to “never” if you never want the hard disk to go into sleep mode. Access: [FUNCTION] ➔ UTILITY ➔ TIME ➔ HD SLEEP TIME Set the hard disk sleep time as required. 15  4. The New Features Panel Sustain Rate Control .................................... As always the panel [SUSTAIN] button adds sustain to the voice being played on the keyboard for a smoother overall sound. The new Panel Sustain Rate Control feature allows you to adjust the length of sustain created when the [SUSTAIN] button is ON, for optimum sound with the voice used and your playing style. Level KEY OFF RATE=-64 RATE=0 Time RATE=63 Access: [FUNCTION] ➔ CONTROLLER ➔ PANEL CONTROLLER ➔ PANEL SUSTAIN Set the PANEL SUSTAIN from -64 to 63. The higher the value the longer the sustain. • The PANEL SUSTAIN value is relative, so the actual length of sustain produced will depend on the voice used. 16  4. The New Features Sustain Mode (new for the PSR-9000) ................... This feature has already been implemented on the 9000Pro, but is new on the PSR-9000. When the sustain mode is set to DEFAULT pressing the sustain pedal produces sustain with decay, like an acoustic piano. When the sustain mode is set to HOLD, the sustain is maintained indefinitely – ideal for organ, strings, pads, or similar voices. The actual sustain effect produced will depend on the selected voice. Level HOLD KEY OFF Time DEFAULT Access: [FUNCTION] ➔ CONTROLLER ➔ FOOT CONTROLLER ➔ SUSTAIN MODE Select the DEFAULT or HOLD mode. Improved Music Database Display.......................... In the new version the Music Database display has been revised to allow easy pre-selection of a Music Database setting for instant recall when needed. Access: [MUSIC DATABASE] Press this button to actually engage the pre-selected setting. Indicates the pre-selected setting. “Pre-select” a MUSIC DATA setting, making it ready for instant selection. Directly select MUSIC DATA settings in the same way as in previous versions. Data dial can be used for pre-selection. 17  4. The New Features Improved Mixing Console Voice Display................... The mixing console VOICE display has been revised for easier part voice selection. Two selection windows appear in the VOICE display: CATEGORY and VOICE. When you select a part via the LCD [1] ~ [8] buttons a line appears between the selected part name and the VOICE window, clearly indicating the part to which the voice selection will apply. Access: [MIXING CONSOLE] ➔ VOICE Select a voice for the current part. Select a voice category. Select a part. Improved Mixing Console Effect Type Display .......... The mixing console EFFECT display has been revised for easier effect selection. When a DSP type effect is selected in the EFFECT BLOCK window, a new CATEGORY window appears allowing easy direct selection of the available effects. Access: [MIXING CONSOLE] ➔ EFF TYPE Select a category. 18 Select the desired effect type.  4. The New Features Disk Direct Style Registration................................ It is now possible to use the Registration Memory with styles on a style disk being used with the Disk Direct function, but only with styles in the currently selected Disk Direct directory. Disk Style Recall Registration Memory Disk Direct Memorize The procedure is as follows: 1. 2. Open the directory containing the style you want to register via the Disk Direct “POP UP” window (this could be on a floppy disk or on an internal or SCSI hard disk, if installed). Use the System Backup function to memorize the directory with the system. page 50 page 55 3. 4. Set the right-hand voice and other performance parameters as required. Memorize the settings using the Registration Memory. page 29 page 29 • Please note that the correct style may not be recalled if a different floppy disk is used or the file name is changed. • If you recall a Registration Memory with a Disk Direct style in the Song Select display, the style may not be loaded until exiting the display. • One directory can contain up to 250 style files. 19  4. The New Features Style Creator & Disk Direct Styles.......................... In the new version it is possible to directly select a Disk Direct style for editing in the Style Creator. Simply select the Disk Direct style to be edited and engage the Style Creator. page 104 page 126 Of course, you’ll have to save your newly created style to the Flash Style memory if you want to keep it. Style Manager Flash Style Disk Style Save Load Store Style Creator Disk Direct • When you return to the Style Creator Menu display after selecting a Disk Direct style in the Style Creator, the Disk Direct style will be loaded again. 20  4. The New Features Style Manager & Preset Styles .............................. It is now possible to directly save preset styles to disk using the Save Style From Flash ROM function. Simply select the preset style using the CATEGORY and STYLE parameters, and save using the procedure described for saving Flash Styles in the Owner’s Manual. page 62 page 74 Preset Style Save Disk Style Style Manager 21  5. Power Tips The “Power Tips” presented in this section can help you make the most of the creative power and performance potential offered by the PSR-9000 and 9000Pro. And note that these tips don’t only apply to the new features – the Power Tips can be used with any previous version of the operating system as well. 2-note Chords....................................................... In addition to making it possible to easily play chords that would normally require you to play 3 or 4 notes by actually playing only 2 notes, the ability to specify the bass note in the Fingered and Fingered Advanced modes can be a real advantage when playing progressions like the example below. Try playing the example, and you’ll see what we mean. For details on two-note fingerings, see page 12. ● Example Progression Style: Slow & Easy (16 Beat Category) Fingering Mode: Fingered or Fingered Advanced Cm CmM 7 on B Cm 7 on Bb F on A Fm on Ab Bb7 Eb Dm7 G7 Maintaining Effects When Multitrack Recording ...... Normally, when multitrack recording you’ll select a voice for R1, record a track, then select a different R1 voice and record the next track. The problem is that when the results are played back the first track will be played back without effects. The easiest solution is to use R2 for the second track instead of R1. That way the DSP effect used for the R1 tracks will be maintained even after the R2 track is recorded. When you play back a recording that has been made as described above, no DSP effects will be applied a panel voice you play on the keyboard. If you turn the panel DSP ON, however, the effect used in the song will be applied to the panel voice LEFT HOLD LEFT RIGHT1 LOWER PART ON/OFF VOICE EFFECT TOUCH SUSTAIN DSP(4~7) SLOW/ FAST HARMONY/ECHO page 88 page 110 22 POLY/ MONO RIGHT2 UPPER RIGHT3  5. Power Tips Single-part Activation ........................................... Press the LCD [F] button from the main display to turn only the R1 part on and all other parts off. In the same way, press the LCD [G] button to turn the R2 part on and all other parts off. If you assign the next voice you want to use to R2, for example, then while playing R1 you can press the LCD [G] button to instantly switch to R2 and the assigned voice. Furthermore, the DSP effect is not switched so you can seamlessly switch between voices while playing. page 16 page 16 SMF Song Name Converter .................................... In the PSR-9000 and 9000Pro it has become possible to use filenames longer than the standard 8character limit. This means you can name files with complete song titles, for example, for easy identification. Because of the conventional 8-character limit many SMF Song files have file names made up of symbols and numbers, while the actual song title is embedded in the file and can only be viewed when the file is loaded and used. The SMF Song Name Converter feature resolves this problem by automatically extracting the embedded file name and attaching it as the file name. You can even “bulk convert” a number of files in one operation. page 131 page 155 23  5. Power Tips Parameter Lock – Reverb Type............................... Some SMF Song files automatically change the reverb type when played. If you don’t want this to happen, use this Parameter Lock function. The Parameter Lock setting is memorized with the System Backup data, so if you always want to keep the Reverb Type setting “locked”, perform a System Backup so that the Parameter lock setting will remain in effect. page 142 page 166 Reverb Effect Return Level and Parameter Lock ..... When you want to increase or decrease the amount of overall reverb applied to the accompaniment, individually editing all styles is time-consuming and inefficient. The easy approach is to use the Reverb Return Level parameter to adjust the overall reverb depth. Some SMF songs automatically change the Reverb Return Level setting when played. If you want to retain your reverb Return Level setting no matter what songs you play use the Parameter Lock function, and perform a System Backup so that the settings will be retained. page 124 page 146 24  5. Power Tips Selecting an XG Voice............................................ XG is a major enhancement of the GM System Level 1 format, and has been developed by Yamaha specifically to provide more voices and variations, as well as greater expressive control over voices and effects, and to ensure compatibility of data well into the future. To call up the XG voices of a certain voice category, simply select a voice category while pressing the [XG] button. page 54 page 58 Selecting a Voice/Style/Song/Reg.Memory via PC Keyboard .. By connecting a standard PC/AT type keyboard to the PC keyboard terminal on the back of the 9000, you’ll be able to select Voices, Styles, Songs and Registration Memory by number. page 44 page 46 Program Change Display........................................ This function shows the MIDI bank select and program change numbers that correspond to each of the voices - convenient when using a PC-based sequencer. To turn this function on, press the [FUNCTION] button and then select the UTILITY. Use the LCD buttons to access and turn on the DISPLAY MIDI BANK & PC# setting. page 142 page 166 25  5. Power Tips Song Chord Detection............................................ Try this technique if you want to learn the chord progression for a song, or apply Harmony/Echo effects or Vocal Harmony that match the song. Most songs will have one part which is playing the chord progression – the first step is to locate that part. While playing the song, turn the parts on and off, “soloing” each part until you find the one that is playing the chord backing. Next, if the chord part is on Track 6, for example, Set the Mic Setup Chord parameter to TR6 and return to the main display page. The chord names should appear on the display as the song plays back. To learn the chord progression all you need to do is make a note of the chords that appear on the display. Turn Harmony/Echo ON if you want to add harmony to a part you play on the keyboard, or turn Vocal Harmony ON and select the Chordal Mode to produce appropriate vocal harmony. You might also want to memorize the settings with the song selection in the Registration Memory so that the next time you select that Registration Memory the Mic Setup Chord parameter settings will automatically be recalled. Select Chordal Mode (CHORD) if you want Vocal Harmony effect. Select the appropriate track. page 70 page 82 Instant Access to Any Function Menu .................... The 9000 lets you instantly call up function menus by simply pressing the [DIRECT ACCESS] button and a button or wheel associated with that function. 1. Let’s say, for example, that you want to set the split points. First press the [DIRECT ACCESS] button and then press the [AUTO ACCOMPANIMENT] button. DIRECT ACCESS 2. 26 The Split Point/Fingering menu appears on the screen. You can now set the split points.  5. Power Tips This chart shows a list of all menus that are accessible through the Direct Access function. DIRECT ACCESS Function of the accessed LCD display Operation: + button listed below Volume/EQ settings (Main) Volume/EQ settings (Accompaniment) Volume/EQ settings (Song tracks 1 - 8) Volume/EQ settings (Song tracks 9 - 16) Filter settings (Main) Filter settings (Accompaniment) Filter settings (Song tracks 1 - 8) Filter settings (Song tracks 9 - 16) Effect Depth settings (Main) Effect Depth settings (Main) Effect Depth settings (Accompaniment) Effect Depth settings (Song tracks 1 - 8) Effect Depth settings (Song tracks 9 - 16) Effect Type settings Effect Type settings (Microphone Sound) Effect Parameter settings Mixing Console Tune Settings (Portamento Time) Tune Settings (Pitch Bend Range) Tune Settings (Octave) Tune Settings (Tuning) Tune Settings (Tuning) Tune Settings (Tuning) Tune Settings (Tuning) Tune Settings (Transpose) Master EQ settings Master EQ settings Master EQ settings Voice selection Voice selection Voice selection Line Out settings Master Tuning Scale Tuning Split Point/Fingering mode settings Split Point/Fingering mode settings Foot Controller Volume settings Footswitch 1 function assignment Footswitch 2 function assignment Modulation wheel settings Initial Touch setting After Touch setting Transpose Assign Registration settings Registration settings Registration Memory FreezeGroupSetting Function Voice Set settings (R1) Voice Set settings (R2) Voice Set settings (R3) Voice Set settings (L) Harmony/Echo settings Video monitor settings Talk Setting AutoLoad (and Speaker) settings Display MIDI Bank & Program Change # Metronome Volume for Recording setting Parameter Lock settings Tap Count setting Auto Exit Time setting Language settings Menu selection Style Manager Loading Style into Flash ROM Style Selection Directory selection Directory selection Song Selection Directory selection Directory selection Repeat settings Multi Pad Chord Match settings DISK/SCSI Loading Data from a Disk to Flash ROM MIDI Clock setting Parameter settings VocalHarmony Parameter settings Music Database Searching the Music Database Restoring the default tempo setting of the selected style Restoring the default tempo setting of the selected style Returning to the default display (that appears when the power is turned on) Exiting from the Direct Access mode MAIN VARIATION [A] MAIN VARIATION [B] MAIN VARIATION [C] MAIN VARIATION [D] FILL IN & BREAK [ ] FILL IN & BREAK [ ] FILL IN & BREAK [ ] FILL IN & BREAK [ ] VOCAL HARMONY [MIC SETUP] ENDING [I] ENDING [II] ENDING [III] FADE IN/OUT VOICE EFFECT [DSP(4-7)] VOCAL HARMONY [DSP(8)] VOICE EFFECT [SLOW/FAST] VOICE EFFECT [POLY/MONO] PITCH BEND wheel UPPER OCTAVE [+], [-] PART ON/OFF [R1] PART ON/OFF [R2] PART ON/OFF [R3] PART ON/OFF [L] TRANSPOSE [+] [MIXING CONSOLE] [MAIN MIXER] INTRO [I] [PART ON/OFF] VOICE [PIANO] - [PERCUSSION] INTRO [II] INTRO [III] [SOUND CREATOR] MULTI PAD [STOP] [AUTO ACCOMPANIMENT] [LEFT HOLD] FOOT VOLUME FOOTSWITCH 1 FOOTSWITCH 2 MODULATION wheel VOICE EFFECT [TOUCH] VOICE EFFECT [SUSTAIN] TRANSPOSE [-] REGISTRATION MEMORY [1] - [8] REGIST BANK [+], [-] [FREEZE] PART SELECT [R1] PART SELECT [R2] PART SELECT [R3] PART SELECT [LEFT] [HARMONY/ECHO] [DEMO] VOCAL HARMONY [TALK] [FUNCTION] VOICE [XG] - [CUSTOM VOICE] [DIGITAL RECORDING] [MEMORY] TAP TEMPO PAGE CONTROL [BACK] PAGE CONTROL [NEXT] PRESET STYLE [8 BEAT] - [BALLROOM] FLASH STYLE [I] - [VIII] [DISK DIRECT] SONG DIRECTORY [I] - [V] [SONG SETUP] [SONG PLAYER] MULTI PAD [1], [2], [3], [4] MULTI PAD BANK [+], [-] [DISK/SCSI] [MIDI] VOCAL HARMONY [V.H.(9)] VOCAL HARMONY [SELECT] [MUSIC DATABASE] Data dial ONE TOUCH SETTING [1] - [4] [EXIT] [DIRECT ACCESS] See pages (PSR-9000) See pages (9000Pro) 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 123 123 123 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 125 125 125 122 122 122 126 134 134 135 135 135 136 136 137 137 137 138 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 140 141 141 142 142 142 142 142 143 143 62 62 63 66 66 66 65 65 96 151 69 69 27 - 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 145 145 145 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 147 147 147 144 144 144 148 158 158 159 159 159 160 160 161 162 162 162 163 163 163 163 163 163 163 164 165 165 166 166 166 166 166 167 167 74 74 151 78 78 78 77 77 152 175 81 81 27 - page 45 page 48 27  5. Power Tips Revoice................................................................ Revoice lets you create new style accompaniments by changing style parameters such as the voices, volumes and tempo. Any changes you make to a style can be stored in Registration Memory. page 108 page 130 Tap Tempo Sound.................................................. You can use the [TAP/TEMPO] button to start song playback simply by tapping a one-measure introduction at your desired tempo. The tap sound and velocity can be customized and stored in Registration Memory. For example, you can select a loud open hi-hat sound for the intro of a harddriving rock song. Or, choose a soft stick sound for the intro to a slow ballad. To access this function, press the [DIRECT ACCESS] button and then press the [TAP/TEMPO] button. TAP TAP TAP TAP TAP TEMPO TAP TEMPO TAP TEMPO TAP TEMPO page 142 page 166 Reducing Mic Sibilance .......................................... Sibilant sound, such as spoken words that begin with the letter S, tend to sound over emphasized when sung through a microphone. To reduce this hissing effect, press the [MIC SETUP] button. In the 3 Band EQ section, the default setting of the high EQ is 8kHz/+5dB. Change this setting to 10kHz and reduce the gain (dB) to +3dB or whichever setting best suits your acoustic environment. page 70 28 page 82  5. Power Tips Mic Compressor .................................................... Compression is an essential effect for a vocal microphone. It allows singing to be reproduced more clearly and smoothly by boosting the level of soft signals and lowering the level of loud signals. Press the [MIC SETUP] button to access the Mic Compressor. Try the singing with the compressor effect turned on and then compare singing with it turned off. Notice the difference? page 70 page 82 Vocal Harmony Mode ............................................ Vocal Harmony mode can be set to either Chordal mode (harmony is determined by chords played in the auto accompaniment or by chords contained in song data) or Vocoder mode (harmony is determined by the notes you play on the keyboard or by the Vocal Harmony track of a song). When this mode is set to AUTO, the Vocal Harmony setting changes automatically according to the situation. For example, if you play back a song file that contains a Vocal Harmony track, the Vocal Harmony setting will automatically switch to Vocoder mode. To access the Vocal Harmony setting, press the [MIC SETUP] button. page 70 page 82 29  5. Power Tips Talk Button .......................................................... This function is ideal for making announcements between your singing performances. When singing a song, several effects such as reverb, delay and vocal harmony are usually assigned to the MIC Setup. When speaking to your audience, however, these effects may sound disturbing. Whenever the [TALK] button is turned on, Delay and Vocal Harmony effects turn off and the amount of reverb lowers automatically. Talk settings can be customized as well, allowing you to add effects to your voice as you speak to your audience. page 141 page 165 Password ............................................................. You can protect your floppy disks and hard drives with a password to prevent accidental data loss due to reformatting. To access this function, press the [DISK/SCSI] button and then select FORMAT and PASSWORD using the LCD buttons. page 132 page 156 30  5. Power Tips Simultaneous Parameter Change ........................... This convenient function allows you to simultaneously change all the parameter knobs of a specified row in the Mixing Console menu. Press and hold down the LCD button of a parameter you want to change (for example, any row of on-screen knobs in the VOL/EQ, FILT, EFF, DEPTH and TUNE menus) and use the Data dial to change the value. A B C D E page 122 page 144 Keyboard Transpose and Song Transpose ............... Two types of transpose settings are available: Keyboard Transpose and Song Transpose. Keyboard Transpose changes the key of the keyboard as well as the chord accompaniment. Song Transpose changes the key of a song when played back from disk. The combination of these functions allows you to, for example, sing along in the key of E with a song that’s been recorded in the key of D, while playing the keyboard in the key of C. page 123 page 145 31  5. Power Tips Using Multi Pads to Change Scale Tuning ................ The Scale Tuning function allows you to create your own custom scale tunings such as those used in Arabic music. Up to four different scale tunings can be stored in Multi Pad Bank #60, allowing you to change tunings on the fly as you are playing. STOP M.PAD BANK 1~60 BANK VIEW 1 2 3 4 pages 119 & 134 pages 141 & 158 Song File Directory ............................................... This unique function allows you to quickly access your favorite song files from a disk. Any directory, be it on a floppy disk, internal hard disk or external SCSI disk, can be assigned to one of the five buttons on the LCD panel for one-touch access. page 66 page 78 Song Selection via Registration Memory ................ Not only can you use Registration Memory to change voices and styles, but also to select song files from a disk. Furthermore, you can use it to call up songs in your favorite key using the Song Transpose function. pages 28 & 123 pages 28 & 145 32  5. Power Tips Touch Limit for Harmony/Echo ............................... This function determines how hard the keyboard must be played in order for the Harmony/Echo effect to sound. The higher the value, the harder the keyboard must be played to apply the Harmony/Echo effect. This setting is useful for adding performance expression to a voice; for example, adding a tremolo effect to a mandolin voice when played at higher velocities. page 140 page 164 Sub Line Out ........................................................ Next to the main stereo outputs are two (four on the 9000Pro) sub outputs, which can be used as either two single outputs or one stereo output. You can assign any part or parts, including the MIC signal and groups of drum sounds, to these outputs. If an audio cable is not plugged into a sub output jack, the signal of any part assigned to that output will be automatically routed to the main stereo outputs, which eliminates the hassle of reconfiguring the outputs whenever your playing environment changes. For further convenience, the output assignment is saved in Registration Memory and, if preferred, can be locked using the Parameter Lock function. page 126 page 148 33  5. Power Tips Register Bank View ............................................... This function makes it easy to look for a specific Registration Memory among the 512 locations. Simply press the [+] and [-] Registration Memory buttons at the same time to display the names of the Registration Memory Banks on the LCD. Then use the LCD buttons to navigate through the various banks. REGISTRATION MEMORY FREEZE REGIST BANK 1~64 BAN 1 2 3 1 2 3 page 28 page 28 Auto Exit Time...................................................... With this function set to a time value, selecting a voice or style results in the display automatically returning to the previous display after the selected amount of time has passed. This function is extremely useful when you’re in Multi-Record mode and you want to browse through the voices as you compose your song, for example. To set the Auto Exit Time value, press the [FUNCTION] button and select the UTILITY menu. Then press the [NEXT] button to display the TIME page. page 143 page 167 34  5. Power Tips MIDI Templates..................................................... If you use the 9000 along with other MIDI equipment, such as a MIDI accordion, MIDI pedal or an external sequencer, you can quickly and easily set the MIDI parameters by selecting one of the 10 preset MIDI Templates. You can program your own MIDI Templates as well. page 150 page 174 Using the MFC10 with the 9000 ............................. The Yamaha MFC10 is the ideal foot controller for use with the 9000. It provides extensive keyboard control including Registration Memory selection, transposition, Vocal Harmony control, Slow/Fast setting of the DSP effect, Multi Pad play and more. Setting up the MFC10 is a snap. Simply press the [MIDI] button and select MFC10 at the bottom of the LCD screen. You can choose Easy Setup or Full Setup, either of which will guide you step by step through the setup process. MFC10 page 154 page 178 M.D.G., Pro Audio & Digital Musical Instrument Division, Yamaha Corporation © 2001 Yamaha Corporation 35